[David Black Mastro]

[David Black Mastro]

[Hisham Gaballa]

[Wolfgang Armbruster]

Thank you Mikko and Hisham!
That's exactly the sword this guy was using - a Khanda
Quite an interesting design, that is. I wonder how they ended up with such a blade-form, but it's definitely a design optimized for cutting. One of them seems to be slightly curved forwards , a bit like a longsword version of a Kopis or Khukri (sp?).
I also wonder how these swords handle given that they widen towards the tip.

The hilt design with the elongated tang is particularly interesting, truly a hand and a half sword


EDIT:
Oh, sword and buckler in India! Somehow people all over this planet come up with similar ideas.
I guess the fencers on these pictures are Sikhs.

[Caleb Hallgren]

By the way Tyler Weaver, is your sig. a picture by Ramon Perez?

He's a great artist.

[Mikko Kuusirati]

Also, you might find more info on Indian martial arts with the term Kalarippayat, or just Kalari.

[Tyler Weaver]

[Jean Thibodeau]

The lack of training manuals is a problem and I doubt that sword & shield versus Longsword would have been practiced for duels or judicial combat. But battlefield use would be a different thing as you can't decide in advance or rules don't limit the weapon combinations one might have to deal with.

What do we know of battlefield techniques and how they would differ from one on one fighting: Do any of the known fighting manual deal at least in passing with battlefield conditions ?

We could even wonder if group tactics were trained for: Mixed weapons small unit fighting ? knight, sergeant, a couple of squires, pages plus half a dozen men-at-arms with polearms and an equal number of archers or crossbowmen ?

Even if no formal training was practiced a group like the above after many years of fighting battles or " Chevauchées " would tend to fight in a coordinated way.

Weren't the early Jousts like real battles with just a limited amount of restraint and dulled weapons: Cavalry only or would the footmen get involved in these brawls ? May be getting off topic or simply expanding the subject A LOT.

[Hisham Gaballa]

[Elling Polden]

On fighting on foot, from the Kings Mirror, Norway, ca 1250

"You should abhor and avoid manslaying in every form except as a lawful punishment or in common warfare. But in ordinary warfare on the lawful command of your chief, you need to shun manslaying no more than any other deed which you know to be right and good. Show courage and bravery in battle; fight with proper and effective blows, such as you have already learned, as if in the best of humor, though filled with noble wrath. Never fight with feigned strokes, needless thrusts, or uncertain shots like a frightened man. Heed these things well that you may be able to match your opponent's skill in fighting. Be resolute in combat but not hot-headed and least of all boastful. Always remember that there may be those who can give good testimony in your behalf; but never praise your own deeds, lest after a time it should come to pass that you are pursued for the slaughter of men whose death is rated a great loss and the revenge is directed toward you by your own words.

If you are fighting on foot in a land battle and are placed at the point of a wedge-shaped column, it is very important to watch the closed shield line in the first onset, lest it become disarranged or broken. Take heed never to bind the front edge of your shield under that of another. You must also be specially careful, when in the battle line, never to throw your spear, unless you have two, for in battle array on land one spear is more effective than two swords. But if the fight is on shipboard, select two spears which are not to be thrown, one with a shaft long enough to reach easily from ship to ship and one with a shorter shaft, which you will find particularly serviceable when you try to board the enemy's ship. Various kinds of darts should be kept on ships, both heavy javelins and lighter ones. Try to strike your opponent's shield with a heavy javelin, and if the shield glides aside, attack him with a light javelin, unless you are able to reach him with a long-shafted spear. Fight on sea as on land with an even temper and with proper strokes only; and never waste your weapons by hurling them to no purpose."

[Patrick Kelly]

Thanks you for the excellent post Elling!

Is a full copy of The King's Mirror available?

[Geoff Wood]

Elling
May I second Patrick's comment. Thanks for the very informative post. Really gives a flavour of the time.
Geoff

[B. Stark]

Wow, I like that Elling. I've never heard of it before, The King's Mirror. Hmmmmm.

[Elling Polden]

http://www.mediumaevum.com/75years/mirror/

The king's mirror is a "educational" text, where a father tells his son how to be a trader or a kingsmann. The book ends with a section on the king himself, his duties and exalted position.
It is believed to be written about 1250, at King Håkon Håkonson's court in Bergen, Norway.

In the section on the kingsman, there are also a reckoning of how a kingsman should train, the weapons, and so on.
It's not a very long section, but quite interesting:
http://www.mediumaevum.com/75years/mirror/sec2.html#XXXVII

[Aaron Schnatterly]

Thanks, Elling! I'll have to either print that out or drop it on my computer for some good reading material while I'm traveling over the next couple of months! Cool!

[Tyler Weaver]

[Felix Wang]

[Micha Hofmann]

I can only join in.

Thank you very much Elling. Yet even more nice stuff to read over the cold months.

[Felix Wang]

Another thought: Tyler wrote "Any JSA practitioner should be familiar and able to use pommel strikes and other techniques ". Fiore notes that pommel strikes are specifically recommended as the best move in certain situations. Do JSA have any named technique or move that specifically calls for using the blunt end of a katana? Pommel strikes can be used in a very specific situation - when your blade is pointed back / away and your opponent is very close to you - your pommel is the closest thing to his head.

Draw cuts may be less emphasized in the West for the same reason that medieval knife fighting concentrates on thrusting attacks. The general feeling is that slicing with knife (or presumably a sword) was probably significantly less deadly than thrusting, most likely related to the common use of armour, and universal use of tough, thick, heavy clothing that may reduce the effectiveness of a slice. The European medieval fighting books were all written at a time when armour of some sort was generally worn on a battlefield. Armour foils slices very effectively - butchers still wear gloves of mail to prevent slicing injuries from very sharp blades. A slice may skitter off armour, or only draw a groove in it; a blow may at least stun an opponent or knock him down, if it doesn't penetrate the armour, and thrusts are by far the best way of dealing with armoured men. Even in civilian situations, Europeans generally wore layers of clothes (no central heating!) consisting of linen and thick wool, so getting a deep slice wasn't so easy.

[Bill Grandy]

Well, the abschnieden are primarily aimed at the hands, which are much more vulnerable to slices than the rest of the body. Slices to the torso where a thick wool doublet may have been worn, for example, may wound the opponent but not necessarily enough to put them out of the fight.

That said, it's a HUGE generalization to say that European swordsmanship doesn't use drawcuts. Liechtenauer's system, as much as I love it, is a tiny slice of the centuries of European swordsmanship, not even getting into the fact that it is from one part of the culture.