Yesterday I visited le Musée de Celtes in Libramont (Belgium) which has a a small collection of celtic swords, spears and lances. All artefacts have been found in the south of Belgium.
They also had a replica of a celtic chariot.

Here are the pictures.

I specially like the Gae Bolga, the flaming spearhead. Some say it couldn't be used in battle because the socket is to small to put in a decent (ash) pole. Is there a way to use this spearhead in battle or was it for parade?

thanks

Jeroen Averhals

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Celtic sword in scabbard, rings to hold the scabbard, dagger and knives

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two large spearheads and Gae Bolga

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Celtic spearheads

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Celtic chariot

I know what you mean about socket size on older spearheads. It has always surprised me how narrow the sockets on migration and medieval spearheads are. I have several and most are the width of an index finger. I believe them to be battle weapons, judging by where the ones I own were found. It does seem that the shaft would be too weak to support a healthy thrust, maybe someone else has more information on this phenomenon.

Thank you for the pictures, Jeroen.

I would guess (that's all it is!) that Don is right, That these small sized shafts would be too thin for a good thrust, but see no problem with this.
It appears that often a few spears would be carried into battle, one for thrusting, and several for throwing. A thin light shaft, with a fairly heavy head makes sense.
Maybe something of the pilum mentality was at work By the time an oponent had extracated the thin-shafted spear from his shield, or body (!) or whatever, the shaft could well be damaged, and of no use to throw back!

Examples of amazingly thin spear-shafts can be seen in some "modern" African spears, without correspondingly "thin" heads.

Richard.

Thanks for your replies,

the pilum-theory could be possible but I wonder if one would use such al large spearhead (almost as large as the sword) as a throwing spear. I guess a lighter and smaller spearhead would go further.

Jeroen Averhals

I have a one handed spear on a roughly 2cm ash pole. It is extremely whippy when used in two hands, but one handed it is not a problem. The head isn't very big thoug.

One thing to keep in mind is that spears, and especially spear shafts, are amunition. They where not made to last, as a shaft whacked with a sword would need to be replaced no matter how thick.
If you won lack of spearheads would not be a issue after the battle, if you lost you probably had other things to worry about.

Keep in mind that it might also have been better quality wood, with closer growth rings, than is generally found today.

There does seem to be a noticeable difference in strength between modern timber and earlier wood, though I cannot quantify or explain it.

They also used coppiced ash for shafts, or at least saplings, so that the shaft had the entire grain of the wood. In other words, a cross-section would be concentric rings, not just the parallel lines seen in a shaft made from a piece of larger split or sawn lumber. So much stronger with less thickness and weight.

Though I do tend to agree that a few of those sockets can still look darn small!

Matthew

Possible that the diameter at the socket is not the final width of the shaft; it might have continued to widen.

Here you can find a statistical overview of 69 Anglo-Saxon spear head diameters:
http://forums.swordforum.com/showthread.php?t...amp;page=2

The smallest go down to 14mm... Different timeframe etc., but it shows that shafts may have been thinner (or more tapered) than often thought.

How big do you think this spearhead is?

I would expect at least some of these spear heads to have been hafted so that they could be thrown effectively. Several authors mentioned volley's of thrown weapons, including spears, from pre-Roman Gaul era through Merovingian era. Some Medieval illustrations of cavalry even seem to depict lances flying through the air as if the horsemen had thrown them as late as 11th or 12th century.

If we agree on the concept of sizing a shaft for throwing, than one can see that a men's, regulation, minimum allowable length, Olympic javelin made of solid "green air dried ash" (about 0.85 gram/ cm^3 density) has ample mass left for head weight if it has an average shaft diameter of 1 cm or slightly larger. A tapering design is actually preferred such that the shaft would be thicker near the center and butt than at the head. However, if the javelin shaft has an average diameter of 3/4" (about 1.9 cm), the mass taken up by the ash lumber leaves almost no room or remaining weight for head mass, and it's impractical.

The small shaft size sounds suspicious, but bowyers and others will appreciate the resilience of somewhat green staves made from straight young saplings with growth rings intact all of the way up and down the stave. I think it was Procopius who described Merovingians as thrusting winged spears into opponents shields, and then stepping on the hafts to drag down the opponent's shield. In that case, he mentioned the spear shaft as being "covered in iron." I have wondered if that was something like thin reinforcement strips of iron meant to prevent a thin shaft from breaking.........

Thank you for these valuable pics Jeroen. I'm always interested in seeing actual la tene examples. Do you know which la tene phase the museum attributes these to? The sword definately looks earlier la tene, but I am especially curious about that knife. That sucker looks like it could be a war knife. I'd love to get a closer look, as i'm not sure if I have ever seen this particular example in a picture before. From here it looks like I havn't. I am curious to know if these items are from a specific find, or are they just multiple la tene items from the general southern belgium region put together for display?

Ah, found the website. You can find out some more specifics about some individual items (including spears) here.
http://www.aicim.be/main/fr/membres.php?provider=MCE
Nice info, but it don't beat seeing them in person like Jeroen did, im sure! :cool: