[Chris Tandy]

How are knee-cops (14th/15th century as worn by crossbowmen and the like) held firmly in place, assuming no other armour is worn?
I have acquired a pleasantly simple pair with one strap going around behind each knee, but short of tightening them like a tourniquet and not moving, the cops will not remain in place. Is there a historical precedent for having long ties up to the skirts of the arming-doublet?

[Jens Boerner]

Well, quite simply: they were not worn without something in addtion
In the 14th century leg armour would had been worn hardly in foot combat by not heavily armoured troups (examples see the wisby mass grave and the injuries taken there), and if, you would wear at least greaves, textile armour cuisses and kniee cops over that. In fact, I know of no source this was worn without maille chausses underneath (which would, after all, also make not much sense; those who had the money for greaves would first get their hands on maille chausses).

The only examples I know for knee armour worn seperatly is from the 15th century, for example the housebook from wolfegg, about 1475-80. But there the knee cops also are articulated, not simpy covering the knee.
Unfortunatly, one cannot tell how they were attached apart from straps arround the leg.

[Michal Plezia]

Maybe they were attached with strings like gothic couters? http://www.myArmoury.com/images/features/pic_...gothic.gif

Jens could you give a link to the picture you mentioned? I can't find it anywhere.

[Chris Kelson]

I think he means like the ones depicted on the archers here and in other images in the chronicles of Froissart.

[Chris Tandy]

The very cops that I was considering! I guessed Froissart would show these. Many thanks for illustration.
I accept the possibility that if they were more poleyn than cop, there is better scope for extra strapping around the leg. But one knee-piece (plus fan or rose) to the outside does not really allow for this.
Were they laced directly to hose? It does not sound very satisfactory!

[Bram van Diemen]

I had something like that. Only it kept sliding down my legs. I wander how they done it without restricting the bloodflow to your feet.

[Jens Boerner]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons...eerzug.jpg right in the middle.
I have no idea how they were attached. I also resume lacing to the hose. For leg armour in general we also actually do not know how it was attached. As far as I know there is no clear evidence for it being attached to the doublet, like many people solve that. In the 13th and 14th century, the leg armour was attached to something called "lendenier", described as a kind of belt, sometimes quilted and laced ("hart gespannet", limburg chronicles).

[Chuck Russell]

we just point them to the hosen

[Lafayette C Curtis]

I also wear steel knee cops/poleyns, sometimes even with civilian gear, and the most practical method of all the ones I've tried so far is pointing the piece to the hose beneath. Stuffing a small amount of padding inside the piece also helps quite a bit, but I'm not sure that this expedient has any historical basis.

[Michal Plezia]

I have a question concerning cups, but this time elbow cups (couters)
Is there any evidence for the articulated couters without rerebrace and vambrace, analogical to those knee cups you've presented?