This is something I've heard reiterated by loads of people over the years.There is supposed to be a passage in O city of Byzantium where Manuel trained his horsemen in a western manner and also equipped them with kite shields. Having finally gotten around to read through it, I was unable to find said passage. The only thing I found which was even vaguely comparable is when Manuel did a tournament with some latins but no mentions are made about kite shields there.

Is there actually such a passage in this book or are people just misquoting someone who drew conclusions based on the book's content? Quite grandiose claims are made about the romans and their usage of kite shields with some people claiming none were used before the normans came, others saying the romans stopped using other shields entirely during Manuels reign and some of them even going so far as to say they didn't use kites at all before Manuel introduced them in the mid 12th century.

I have read the Sylloge Tacticorum so I know most of these are just wrong, but I do not want to read Choniates again because he is a terrible author and I cannot for the love of the mother of cities pay attention while reading it anyway. If this passage about kite shields actually exists then I might just miss it again while rereading it so I cannot really conclude that it does or does not exist either way.

Does anyone here know if Choniates actually says Manuel Komnenos adopted the kite shield for his cavalry?

Contemporaries never called them "kite shields". That is a modern term. We have no idea what term was used to describe them at the time so the texts are useless. You'd need to find a document that specifically describes the shape of the shield and I can't think of any that do this. Most of the info we have about these shields comes from illustrations.

Okay, the passage is supposed to exist in John Kinnamos' History. I'm going to aquire and read that one.

Yes, the key phrase was something which could reasonably be assumed to be a kite shield. As I am looking for whatever has lead people to the conclusion that Manuel adopted kite shields for his cavalry, definite proof is not necessarily what I am after. People may have drawn this conclusion without adequate evidence.

The only source I know which definitely describes a kite shield is when Anna Komnenos describes how Bohemund's troops are armed in book 13 of the Alexiad.

Quote:

An additional weapon of defence is a shield which is not round, but a long shield, very broad at the top and running out to a point, hollowed out slightly inside, but externally smooth and gleaming with a brilliant boss of molten brass.

On that subject though, what shields did the romans employ beside the kite shield that could be described as long at the time? The only one I can think of is the thueroi and that stops appearing in art some 100 years earlier and was last mentioned in Leo's Taktika which was written at the turn of the 9th century.